Difference Between Joint Product and By Product with Comparison Chart

The costs of the single input and related manufacturing process costs must be allocated to each of the joint products. Given that joint costs cannot be specifically attributed to individual products, they need to be allocated among the joint products in a rational and consistent manner. The goal of this allocation is to provide a basis for inventory valuation and cost control. Joint products are the products which are produced simultaneously, with the same raw material and process, and requires further processing to become a finished product after they get separated.

Fresh Veggies, Inc., purchased 10,000 pounds of fresh apples from a local grower for $4,000. The apples were separated into high-quality Grade A apples (3,000 pounds) and lower-quality Grade B apples (7,000 pounds). Fresh Veggies sells Grade A apples for $0.80 per pound and Grade B apples for https://business-accounting.net/ $0.50 per pound. On the other hand, the by-product is nothing but the subsidiary product which emerges out, in the course of manufacturing of the main product. Once you have viewed this piece of content, to ensure you can access the content most relevant to you, please confirm your territory.

1. In microeconomics, joint product pricing is the firm’s problem of choosing prices for joint products, which are two or more products produced from the same process or operation, each considered to be of value.
2. By-product costing is then utilized to account for natural gas liquids, sulfur, and coke.
3. The goal of this allocation is to provide a basis for inventory valuation and cost control.
4. By-products are products that have a relatively low sales value compared to the main products, such as sawdust from lumber, or molasses from sugar.
5. They are the result of a common production process up to a certain point, known as the split-off point.

These products incur undifferentiated joint costs until a split-off point, after which each product incurs separate processing. The joint products may be defined as two or more different products that are produced simultaneously by processing one or more raw materials through a common production process or a series of production processes. The point at which these products emerge in their separately identifiable form is known as point of separation or split-off point. At this point, some of the joint products have an economic value and can be sold to customers while others require a further processing before they can be placed in the salable condition.

Lastly, in the agriculture industry joint costing is used to allocate the costs of crops to different products such as corn, soybeans, wheat, and rice. Cost accountants must use an appropriate allocation method, such as the physical units method or the sales value at split-off method, to allocate joint costs based on the proportion of resources used to produce each joint product. The cost accountant must first identify the joint products (hardwood and softwood) and the by-product (wood chips) produced in manufacturing. They must then allocate the joint costs, such as the cost of raw materials and direct labor, to each joint product based on the proportion of the resources used in their production. Figure 7.17 “Joint Costs and Joint Product Flows at Oregon Lumber Company” presents the information for Oregon Lumber for the month of June.

By-product costing reduces the cost of the main products by the net realizable value of the by-products or credits the income from the by-products to a separate account. In some cases, two or more products may be natural by-products of a production process. For example, in refining crude oil to produce gasoline to fuel cars and trucks, the refining process will create lubricants, fertilizers, petrochemicals, and other kinds of fuels.

These examples illustrate how the choice of allocation method can significantly affect the cost assigned to each product. Given the immateriality of by-product revenues and costs, byproduct accounting tends to be a minor issue. Cost accountants who understand joint and by-product costing can help their companies make better decisions and improve their overall financial performance. To be considered a joint product, each product must be of roughly equal economic importance.

Understanding joint and by-product costing is important in manufacturing for several reasons

Cost accountants must use an allocation method that accurately reflects the resources used in the production of each product and must use the same allocation method consistently over time. Accurate and consistent cost information is essential for decision-making and maintaining financial statement credibility. In cost accounting, cost accountants must ensure that joint and by-product costing complies with regulatory requirements, including tax regulations and accounting standards.

Especially Fitting Common Names for Plants

This technique goes beyond fiscal planning to help firms manage the complex financial landscape, assuring liquidity and informed decision-making. Accurate cost information is necessary to make informed decisions about pricing, product mix, and resource allocation. Joint and by-product costing can be complex, but when done correctly, they can provide valuable insights into the true cost of production. If the secondary product has no saleable value, it’s considered spoilage, waste or scrap. (iii) Joint products are of more or less equal sales value while by products is of insignificant sales value.

Create a Free Account and Ask Any Financial Question

In this article, we will explain the concepts and methods of joint cost allocation and by-product accounting, and show you how to apply them to your CVP calculations. To illustrate this concept, let’s consider the example of a dairy farm that produces two joint products, milk and cheese, from a common set of resources, such as feed, labor, and equipment. The cost accountant must allocate the joint costs incurred in producing milk and cheese based on the proportion of resources used in their production. Joint costing is a method of assigning costs to products that are produced simultaneously from a single raw material or joint process.

Both methods aim to measure the profitability and performance of the products and the joint process. By-product costing is a method of accounting for products that are of minor value and quantity compared to the main products from a joint process. The by-products are not allocated any joint costs, but rather treated as either inventory or income.

Under this method, joint costs are allocated based on the sales value of each joint product at the point where they are separated from each other in the production process. The cost accountant might use the physical units method to allocate joint costs based on the number of units produced for each joint product. For the by-product, the cost accountant might use the net realizable value method to allocate costs based on the market value of the by-product. In summary, allocating joint costs is a critical aspect of cost accounting for companies that produce joint products. Regardless of the method used, the cost accountant needs to allocate joint costs in a way that accurately reflects the proportion of resources used in the production of each joint product.

Allocating joint costs is an important aspect of cost accounting for companies that produce joint products. Joint costs are the costs incurred in the production of joint products, such as the cost of raw materials and direct labor. In cost accounting, there are several methods for allocating joint and by-product costs, including the physical units method, the sales value at the split-off method, and the net realizable value method. This method allocates joint costs based on the number of physical units produced for each joint product. Joint and by-product costing are widely used in various industries that produce multiple products from a common input or process.

By ensuring compliance, cost accountants can accurately allocate costs and provide meaningful information for decision-making. This method accurately reflects the relative value of the resources used in the production of each product and is consistent with accounting principles. Once the milk is collected, it is processed and can be separated into various products like whole milk, skimmed milk, cream, butter, and cheese. Co-products may require a different type of raw material and may be processed in different ways, but they’ll use the same facilities.

To perform CVP analysis, you need to know the fixed costs, the variable costs, and the contribution margin of each product. The contribution margin is the difference between the sales price and the variable cost of a product, and it represents the amount that contributes to covering the fixed costs and generating profit. When you have joint products or by-products, you need to adjust the contribution margin of each product based on the joint cost allocation and by-product accounting methods you use. In summary, choosing an allocation method is an important aspect of cost accounting for companies that produce joint and by-products. Cost accountants must choose a method that accurately reflects the resources used and the value of the products produced, is consistent with accounting principles, and meets regulatory requirements.

Characteristics and Examples

This information can be used to determine each joint product’s profitability and make decisions about which products to produce and sell. The joint costs (the costs of feeding and milking the cows, and the initial processing of the milk) need to be allocated among the joint products. This could be done based on the volume of each product produced, the sales value of each product, or some other method, depending on the dairy farm’s accounting practices and the requirements of any applicable regulations or standards. A joint cost is the result of producing two or more different products from a single cost factor. It may be defined as the cost incurred to produce two or more different products by processing one or more raw materials through a common production process or a series of production processes. Joint and by-product costing have some advantages and disadvantages for accounting and decision making.